When we speak of seismic design of structures, we mostly speak of the modern methods.
Two basic technologies are used to protect buildings from damaging earthquake effects. These are Base Isolation Devices and Seismic Dampers.

let us have a detailed idea about the base isolators first.

BASE ISOLATION:
The idea behind base isolation is to detach (isolate) the building from the ground in such a way that earthquake motions are not transmitted up through the building or at least greatly reduced. A base isolated structure is supported by a series of bearing pads, which are placed between the buildings and building foundation. The bearing is very stiff and strong in the vertical direction, but flexible in the horizontal direction.



the closer look at the rubber bearings will be as follows:




A lead–rubber bearing is made from layers of rubber sandwiched together with layers of steel. In the middle of the bearing is a solid lead "plug." On top and bottom, the bearing is fitted with steel plates which are used to attach the bearing to the building and foundation. The bearing is very stiff and strong in the vertical direction, but flexible in the horizontal direction.