Seisme ou secousse sismique au Cap-haitien le 23 janvier 2012?

Definissons le terme  seisme:
Un seisme ou tremblement de terre est la manifestation de la liberation d'energie accumulee par les contraintes exercees sur les roches. Cette liberation d'energie cree ou fait rejouer des failles au moment ou le seuil de la rupture mecanique des roches est atteint. Une faille est une discontinuite ou fracture affectant l'ecorce terrestre montrant un mouvement relatif de deux blocs separes par les failles.

 Une station de radio haitienne durant la semaine du 23 janvier 2012 declarait qu'un tremblement de terre frappa le Cap-haitien. Je me rendais sur le site de l'instititut geologique americain (USGS)  pour confirmer cette nouvelle. Cependant elle n'y etait pas affichee. Une autre recherche plus approfondie a permis de constater qu'un tremblement de terre de magnitude 5.1 frappa la Republique Dominicaine. D'apres le rapport de l'Institut Geologique Americain ce tremblement de terre avait une magnititude preliminaire de 5.1. Son epicentre se situait dans la ville cotiere de Rio San Juan a environ 250 kilometres nord de la capitale et a 35 kilometres nord-est de San Francisco de Macoris. L'institut sismologique de l'universite de Santo Domingo rapportait que son sismographe enregistra une magnitude de 5.4. Juan Manuel Mendez, le directeur du Centre des operations de secours declarait qu'il n'y avait pas eu de dommages. De faibles secousses furent ressenties au Cap-haitien et le long de la cote occidentale de Porto Rico.  Donc selon la depeche de Associated Press il n'y a pas eu de seisme  en Haiti mais plutot des secousses sismiques d'un seisme survenu en Republique Dominicaine. La Republique Dominicaine fut le siege d'au moins deux seismes durant le mois de Janvier 2012. Ces evenements sismiques poussaient les sismologues a affirmer que l'ile serait entree dans une periode de recurrence sismique des tremblents de terre survenus dans la republique d'Haiti durant le dix-huitieme siecle. En d'autres termes d'autres tremblements de terre sont donc predits pour l'ile.

New Force Powering Earth's Tectonic Plates Discovered

July 07, 2011

Scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego have identified a new mechanism driving Earth's massive tectonic plates, bringing fresh insight into long-standing debates about how powerful geological forces shape the planet, from earthquake ruptures to mountain formations.

Scientists who study tectonic motions have known for decades that the ongoing "pull" and "push" movements of the plates are responsible for sculpting continental features around the planet. Volcanoes, for example, are generally located at areas where plates are moving apart or coming together. Scripps scientists Steve Cande and Dave Stegman have now discovered a new force that drives plate tectonics: Plumes of hot magma pushing up from Earth's deep interior.

Using analytical methods to track plate motions through Earth's history, Cande and Stegman's research provides evidence that such mantle plume "hot spots," which can last for tens of millions of years and are active today at locations such as Hawaii, Iceland and the Galapagos, may work as an additional tectonic driver, along with push-pull forces.

Their new results describe a clear connection between the arrival of a powerful mantle plume head around 70 million years ago and the rapid motion of the Indian plate that was pushed as a consequence of overlying the plume's location.

The arrival of the plume also created immense formations of volcanic rock now called the "Deccan flood basalts" in western India, which erupted just prior to the mass extinction of dinosaurs. The Indian continent has since drifted north and collided with Asia, but the original location of the plume's arrival has remained volcanically active to this day, most recently having formed Réunion island near Madagascar.

The team also recognized that this "plume-push" force acted on other tectonic plates, and pushed on Africa as well but in the opposite direction.

"Prior to the plume's arrival, the African plate was slowly drifting but then stops altogether, at the same time the Indian speeds up," explains Stegman, an assistant professor of geophysics in Scripps' Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. "It became clear the motion of the Indian and African plates were synchronized and the Réunion hotspot was the common link."

After the force of the plume had waned, the African plate's motion gradually returned to its previous speed while India slowed down.

"There is a dramatic slow down in the northwards motion of the Indian plate around 50 million years ago that has long been attributed to the initial collision of India with the Eurasian plate," said Cande, a professor of marine geophysics in the Geosciences Research Division at Scripps. "An implication of our study is that the slow down might just reflect the waning of the mantle plume-the actual collision might have occurred a little later."

The Daily Galaxy via University of California - San Diego